解决粘包的进阶方法
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解决粘包的进阶方法
【九】解决粘包的进阶方法
为字节流加上自定义固定长度报头,报头中包含字节流长度,然后一次send到对端,对端在接收时,先从缓存中取出定长的报头,然后再取真实数据
struct模块
- 该模块可以把一个类型,如数字,转成固定长度的bytes
struct.pack(‘i’,1111111111111)
。。。。。。。。。
struct.error: ‘i’ format requires -2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647 #这个是范围
import json,struct#假设通过客户端上传1T:1073741824000的文件a.txt
#为避免粘包,必须自定制报头header={'file_size':1073741824000,'file_name':'/a/b/c/d/e/a.txt','md5':'8f6fbf8347faa4924a76856701edb0f3'} #1T数据,文件路径和md5值
#为了该报头能传送,需要序列化并且转为byteshead_bytes=bytes(json.dumps(header),encoding='utf-8') #序列化并转成bytes,用于传输
#为了让客户端知道报头的长度,用struck将报头长度这个数字转成固定长度:4个字节head_len_bytes=struct.pack('i',len(head_bytes)) #这4个字节里只包含了一个数字,该数字是报头的长度
#客户端开始发送conn.send(head_len_bytes) #先发报头的长度,4个bytesconn.send(head_bytes) #再发报头的字节格式conn.sendall(文件内容) #然后发真实内容的字节格式
#服务端开始接收head_len_bytes=s.recv(4) #先收报头4个bytes,得到报头长度的字节格式x=struct.unpack('i',head_len_bytes)[0] #提取报头的长度
head_bytes=s.recv(x) #按照报头长度x,收取报头的bytes格式header=json.loads(json.dumps(header)) #提取报头
#最后根据报头的内容提取真实的数据,比如real_data_len=s.recv(header['file_size'])s.recv(real_data_len)- 关于struct的详细用法
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_#http://www.cnblogs.com/coser/archive/2011/12/17/2291160.html__author__ = 'ly'import structimport binasciiimport ctypes
values1 = (1, 'abc'.encode('utf-8'), 2.7)values2 = ('defg'.encode('utf-8'),101)s1 = struct.Struct('I3sf')s2 = struct.Struct('4sI')
print(s1.size,s2.size)prebuffer=ctypes.create_string_buffer(s1.size+s2.size)print('Before : ',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))# t=binascii.hexlify('asdfaf'.encode('utf-8'))# print(t)
s1.pack_into(prebuffer,0,*values1)s2.pack_into(prebuffer,s1.size,*values2)
print('After pack',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))print(s1.unpack_from(prebuffer,0))print(s2.unpack_from(prebuffer,s1.size))
s3=struct.Struct('ii')s3.pack_into(prebuffer,0,123,123)print('After pack',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))print(s3.unpack_from(prebuffer,0))- 服务端(自定制报头)
import socket,struct,jsonimport subprocessphone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它,在bind前加
phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
phone.listen(5)
while True: conn,addr=phone.accept() while True: cmd=conn.recv(1024) if not cmd:break print('cmd: %s' %cmd)
res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) err=res.stderr.read() print(err) if err: back_msg=err else: back_msg=res.stdout.read()
conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(back_msg))) #先发back_msg的长度 conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容
conn.close()- 客户端(自定制报头)
#_*_coding:utf-8_*___author__ = 'ly'import socket,time,struct
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)res=s.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1',8080))
while True: msg=input('>>: ').strip() if len(msg) == 0:continue if msg == 'quit':break
s.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))
l=s.recv(4) x=struct.unpack('i',l)[0] print(type(x),x) # print(struct.unpack('I',l)) r_s=0 data=b'' while r_s < x: r_d=s.recv(1024) data+=r_d r_s+=len(r_d)
# print(data.decode('utf-8')) print(data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码- 我们可以把报头做成字典,字典里包含将要发送的真实数据的详细信息,然后json序列化,然后用struck将序列化后的数据长度打包成4个字节(4个自己足够用了)
发送时:
先发报头长度
再编码报头内容然后发送
最后发真实内容
接收时:
先手报头长度,用struct取出来
根据取出的长度收取报头内容,然后解码,反序列化
从反序列化的结果中取出待取数据的详细信息,然后去取真实的数据内容
- 服务端:定制稍微复杂一点的报头
import socket,struct,jsonimport subprocessphone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它,在bind前加
phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
phone.listen(5)
while True: conn,addr=phone.accept() while True: cmd=conn.recv(1024) if not cmd:break print('cmd: %s' %cmd)
res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'), shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) err=res.stderr.read() print(err) if err: back_msg=err else: back_msg=res.stdout.read()
headers={'data_size':len(back_msg)} head_json=json.dumps(headers) head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding='utf-8')
conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes))) #先发报头的长度 conn.send(head_json_bytes) #再发报头 conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容
conn.close()- 客户端
from socket import *import struct,json
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)client.connect(ip_port)
while True: cmd=input('>>: ') if not cmd:continue client.send(bytes(cmd,encoding='utf-8'))
head=client.recv(4) head_json_len=struct.unpack('i',head)[0] head_json=json.loads(client.recv(head_json_len).decode('utf-8')) data_len=head_json['data_size']
recv_size=0 recv_data=b'' while recv_size < data_len: recv_data+=client.recv(1024) recv_size+=len(recv_data)
print(recv_data.decode('utf-8')) #print(recv_data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码FTP作业:上传下载文件
- 服务端
import socketimport structimport jsonimport subprocessimport os
class MYTCPServer: address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
allow_reuse_address = False
max_packet_size = 8192
coding='utf-8'
request_queue_size = 5
server_dir='file_upload'
def __init__(self, server_address, bind_and_activate=True): """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" self.server_address=server_address self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family, self.socket_type) if bind_and_activate: try: self.server_bind() self.server_activate() except: self.server_close() raise
def server_bind(self): """Called by constructor to bind the socket. """ if self.allow_reuse_address: self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) self.socket.bind(self.server_address) self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
def server_activate(self): """Called by constructor to activate the server. """ self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
def server_close(self): """Called to clean-up the server. """ self.socket.close()
def get_request(self): """Get the request and client address from the socket. """ return self.socket.accept()
def close_request(self, request): """Called to clean up an individual request.""" request.close()
def run(self): while True: self.conn,self.client_addr=self.get_request() print('from client ',self.client_addr) while True: try: head_struct = self.conn.recv(4) if not head_struct:break
head_len = struct.unpack('i', head_struct)[0] head_json = self.conn.recv(head_len).decode(self.coding) head_dic = json.loads(head_json)
print(head_dic) #head_dic={'cmd':'put','filename':'a.txt','filesize':123123} cmd=head_dic['cmd'] if hasattr(self,cmd): func=getattr(self,cmd) func(head_dic) except Exception: break
def put(self,args): file_path=os.path.normpath(os.path.join( self.server_dir, args['filename'] ))
filesize=args['filesize'] recv_size=0 print('----->',file_path) with open(file_path,'wb') as f: while recv_size < filesize: recv_data=self.conn.recv(self.max_packet_size) f.write(recv_data) recv_size+=len(recv_data) print('recvsize:%s filesize:%s' %(recv_size,filesize))
tcpserver1=MYTCPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080))
tcpserver1.run()- 客户端
import socketimport structimport jsonimport os
class MYTCPClient: address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
allow_reuse_address = False
max_packet_size = 8192
coding='utf-8'
request_queue_size = 5
def __init__(self, server_address, connect=True): self.server_address=server_address self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family, self.socket_type) if connect: try: self.client_connect() except: self.client_close() raise
def client_connect(self): self.socket.connect(self.server_address)
def client_close(self): self.socket.close()
def run(self): while True: inp=input(">>: ").strip() if not inp:continue l=inp.split() cmd=l[0] if hasattr(self,cmd): func=getattr(self,cmd) func(l)
def put(self,args): cmd=args[0] filename=args[1] if not os.path.isfile(filename): print('file:%s is not exists' %filename) return else: filesize=os.path.getsize(filename)
head_dic={'cmd':cmd,'filename':os.path.basename(filename),'filesize':filesize} print(head_dic) head_json=json.dumps(head_dic) head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding=self.coding)
head_struct=struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes)) self.socket.send(head_struct) self.socket.send(head_json_bytes) send_size=0 with open(filename,'rb') as f: for line in f: self.socket.send(line) send_size+=len(line) print(send_size) else: print('upload successful')
client=MYTCPClient(('127.0.0.1',8080))
client.run()支持与分享
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